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This paper investigates the effect of pool side wall height on flame base drag behavior of pool fires in cross flow of air, which has not been quantified in the literatures. Laboratory-scale experiments are carried out to measure the flame base drag lengths of pool fires using gaseous square quartz sand box as burner of different sizes (10cm, 15cm and 20cm), employing propane as fuel with pool side...
This study investigates the effect of oxygenated fuels on engine performance and exhaust emission under a custom cycle using a fully instrumented 6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine with a common rail injection system. A range of oxygenated fuels based on waste cooking biodiesel with triacetin as an oxygenated additive were studied. The oxygen ratio was used instead of the equivalence ratio, or...
A series of effective NiMo/SiO2 catalysts for heavy oil upgrading in supercritical water have been developed. Experimental results with anthracene as model compound resembling structures present in heavy oils showed that the catalytic activity as well as the liquid and gas product distributions are governed by catalyst composition. In particular by adjusting the Ni/Mo ratio different physicochemical...
Nitrogen has been valued as an economical alternative injection gas for gas-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is the most important parameter to successfully design N2 flooding. In this communication, a data bank covering wide ranges of thermodynamic and compositional conditions was gathered from open literature. Afterward, a rigorous approach, namely...
The secondary atomization behavior and spray flame characteristics of carbonated W/O emulsified fuel were studied. The dissolved CO2 in the carbonated emulsified fuel was able to reduce the bubble nucleation energy needed for secondary atomization. First, the spray characteristics of carbonated fuels were studied in a N2 environment at 923K, using high-magnification shadow imaging of the spray droplets...
Since the beginning of this millennium, shale gas extraction by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has boosted U.S. gas production, changing the global energy markets and leading to low natural gas and oil prices. Following the expansion of this industry, other countries such as U.K., Poland or China are exploring and supporting its extraction as a way to secure energy independence in an...
The production, properties, and utilization of degummed/esterified mixed crude palm oil (DgMCPO/EMCPO)-diesel blends in an indirect injection (IDI)-turbocharged automotive engine without preheating were studied. The results revealed that DgMCPO and EMCPO could be produced easily with costs comparable to diesel. Although they had a poor liquid phase and high viscosity, through blending with diesel...
The second-order moment (SOM) method is developed to describe the fluctuating anisotropy of particles in coal combustion process. Large-eddy simulation (LES) is employed for turbulence of gas phase. The LES-SOM model is coupled with chemical kinetics for coal combustion simulations and the anisotropy characteristic of particles is analyzed in circulating fluidized bed (CFB). The simulation results...
Catalytic activity of the calcined scallop shell for rapeseed oil transesterification to produce biodiesel was examined as compared to the calcined limestone, with focusing on Na content of the source material. While an appreciable amount of Na was detected for scallop shell (0.33%), limestone was near Na free (less than 0.01%). For the salty limestone prepared by immersing in a NaCl aqueous solution...
In this study, the transformation characteristics of sodium in Zhundong coal were investigated during oxygen-rich gasification in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor. The reactor, with a fuel treatment rate of 0.4 t/d, was specially made for experiments on thermochemical conversion of high alkali coal. The equilibrium distribution of sodium in an oxygen-rich atmosphere with water steam was predicted...
Ignition delay times for nitromethane have been measured behind reflected shock waves over wide ranges of temperature (875–1595K); pressure (2.0–35atm); equivalence ratio (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0); and dilution (99, 98, 95, and 90% Ar by volume) using a L9 Taguchi array. Emission from excited-state hydroxyl radials (OH∗) was the primary diagnostic for determining the ignition delay times from the experiments...
We conducted experiments to investigate in-cylinder light absorption by carbon dioxide (CO2) during homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine combustion. The combustion was fuelled with dimethyl ether. An in situ laser infrared absorption method was developed. We used an optical fibre spark plug sensor and the light source was a 4.301μm quantum cascade laser (QCL). We applied Lambert–Beer’s...
In this study was shown that random forest (RF) can be used as a sensible new data mining tool for variable importance measurements (VIMs) through various coal properties for prediction of coke quality (Free Swelling Index (FSI)). The VIMs of RF within coal analyses (proximate, ultimate, and petrographic analyses) were applied for the selection of the best predictors of FSI over a wide range of Kentucky...
We apply Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) for direct characterization of iron-porphyrins in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) biocrude oils derived from two algae: Tetraselmis sp. and cyanobacteria. The iron porphyrin compounds are shown to cause catalyst bed plugging during hydroprocessing due to iron deposition. Inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry...
The Diels–Alder cycloaddition of biomass-derived furans and subsequent dehydrative aromatization are potentially valuable processes for the sustainable production of aromatic chemicals from biomass. In this paper, we have investigated the catalytic activity of a series of homogeneous and heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts in connection with the conversion of biomass-derived 2-methylfuran (MF) and...
Wettability alteration and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) of sandstone by low salinity waterflooding (LSF) have become the focus of many studies. However, there is no clear explanation of how the ion composition of brines influences the LSF effect. In this paper, imbibition, ζ-potential measurements, core displacement, and microscopic displacement experiments were adopted to investigate the effect of...
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is a rapid method used to determine the composition of biomass ash, but the accuracy of the method is sensitive to various factors including ash preparation methods. In this study different types of biomass ash were examined by using wet chemical analysis (WCA) and compared with the respective XRF results. The biomass ash was initially prepared in accordance with...
In this paper, the measurement of laminar burning velocities for liquid fuel (methanol)–air mixtures is reported at higher mixture temperatures using externally heated meso-scale diverging channel technique. Laminar burning velocity is determined using mass balance between the channel inlet and flame stabilization location for the planar flames appearing at certain conditions of mixture flow rate...
The quality requirements for jet fuels have become stricter in the last few years. The reason of this is that more severe environmental regulations have been introduced and the increasing demand for performance requirements. Furthermore another requirement for jet fuels is that they should contain components of alternative origin to fulfil the requirements of the standard and to contribute to CO2...
Fe doped Pd/AC (where AC is activated carbon) sorbents (1Pd5Fe/AC) were prepared and tested for removal of elemental mercury (Hg0) from coal-derived fuel gas at medium range temperatures (150–250°C). It is found that the Hg0 removal efficiency of 1Pd5Fe/AC sorbent was much higher than that of 1Pd/AC sorbent, which has previously been shown to suffer from H2S poisoning. 1Pd5Fe/AC sorbent can maintain...
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